Causal Inference

Science

Bradford Hill Criteria Explained: A Practical Guide to Establishing Cause & Effect (With Examples)

Master the 9 Bradford Hill criteria for determining causality in health research. Learn how to apply them with real-world examples (smoking vs. mobile phones), understand limitations, and evaluate scientific claims.
Science

Propensity Score Matching Explained: Step-by-Step Guide & Real-World Applications

Master propensity score matching with this practical guide. Learn step-by-step implementation, common pitfalls to avoid, software tools, and real-world applications in healthcare, policy, and marketing research.